Dietary CP intake was lower and starch intake was higher in the BAR group compared with the other groups. Dietary treatments had no effect on daily silage intake, total DM intake, or total NDF intake. The concentrate feeds were offered in split portions from 3 automatic feeders using electronic identification, with ad libitum access to the same grass silage. The groups (n = 16) were then fed one of the dietary treatments (SBM, YEA, or BAR) for a period of 56 d (i.e., experimental period). A total of 48 early- to mid-lactation NRF cows in their first to fourth parity and with initial milk yield of 32.6 kg (SD = 7.7) were allocated into 3 groups, using a randomized block design, after feeding a common diet for 14 d (i.e., covariate period). This was replaced with yeast protein and barley in the YEA and BAR concentrate feeds, respectively. The SBM contained 7.0% soybean meal on a dry matter (DM) basis. The concentrate feeds were prepared in pellet form as soy-based (SBM where soybean meal is included as a protein ingredient), yeast-based (YEA soybean meal replaced with yeast protein), or barley-based (BAR soybean meal replaced with barley). We examined the effects of substituting soybean meal with either yeast protein from Cyberlindnera jadinii or barley in concentrate feeds on feed intake, ruminal fermentation products, milk production, and milk composition in Norwegian Red (NRF) dairy cows.
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